Congenital Curvature Operation

Preoperative Preparation
Before operation no special preparation is needed if patient has not chronic diseases which could cause complications during operation. On the day of operation patient should not eat or drink.

Congenital Curvature Operation
The operation is performed under general anaesthesia (intravenous anesthesia) or spinal anesthesia.

Medicated erection is evoked by injecting papaverine into cavernous bodies of the penis to detect localization of curvature.

Is performed skin cut (like in circumcision), after which are overlapped restrict cuts from convex side of curvature area. The duration of operation is at average 40 minutes.

After operation
In the first 24 - 48 hours patient may feel discomfort showing with pains or edema in the area of intervention which may require usage of painkillers.

During 10 days after operation patient should make bandaging by himself and insignificantly limit physical activity.

During first two months after operation patient should not live sexual life in order to avoid break of inner cuts. Cuts are removed in ten days after operation.

Congenital Curvature

There are two causes of congenital curvature:
1. asymmetry (different length) of cavernous bodies which leads to curvature aside
2. relative shortening of urethra

The possibility to have erection persists, however, curvature may cause serious difficulties in sexual life. Major method of treatment is surgery during which is shortened albugineous tunic with curvature lowering.

The are two ways of performing the operation:
1) overlap of lengthwise parallel astringent stitches on albugineous tunic of penis without its preliminary exsection. Thus, time for operation is reduced and cavernous tissue is not damaged which is inevitable during resection of part of albugineous tunic. As vessels and nerves of penis during operation are not damaged, there are no serious complication after it.

2) resection of segment of albugineous tunic and mergence of defected edges against each other. On albugineous tunic appears a quite solid adhesion. However, major problem of this method is following: during resection of segment of albugineous tunic inevitably gets traumatized a part of cavernous tissue near resecting fragment of albugineous tunic.

This may lead to fibrotic changes in cavernous tissue and development of erectile dysfunction. Therefore this method of operation is used quite rarely because the majority of patients with congenital curvature are young males and the problem of normal functioning of cavernous tissue remains actual.

Penile Curvature

 An important problem of men's health is the problem of penile curvature which may cause in a man not only mental discomfort but also particular inconveniences while performing sexual intercourse.

Penile curvature may be congenital or acquired (for example, Peyronie's disease). It may be noticed during erection as a more or less frank declination of penis in any given side.

The incidence of this disease is from 3 to 7%. Penile curvature may be corrected surgically. However, it is necessary to take into consideration that insignificant declinations of penis from direct axis do not have clinical relevance.

Surgical correction (regardless of declination causes) is indicated only in case of mechanical obstructions to sexual intercourse and also in case of pains during erections and sexual intercourse.

Herpes Simplex Virus Prevention

 Preventive measures against genital herpes includes immunity strengthening from one side and preventing infecting sexual partner from other side.

Main measure helping to strengthen the immune system is healthy lifestyle.

This includes regular balanced nutrition, sufficient physical activity, timely and adequate treatment of diseases.

Prevention of infecting with genital herpes may be achieved by usage of barrier contraceptives and maintaining hygiene of sexual life, in other words, being faithful to permanent partner.

Herpes Simplex Virus Treatment

Unfortunately, mankind does not know the remedy to completely remove DNA-containing virus from the body and there is no treatment for genital herpes.

However, modern medicine disposes of wide range of remedies that inhibit the activity of herpes virus for 5 – 10 years and thus herpes symptoms would not show themselves all this time.

Though there is impossible to treat completely herpes, it is important to address the doctor when you observe first signs of the disease.

There are several cases for that:

• the earlier herpes treatment is started the less chances it would turn into recurrent form. With right treatment of primary infection of herpes simplex virus there may be no recurrences and herpes may not show itself at all.
• many cutaneous eruptions are alike among themselves. Therefore exists a risk to mistake signs of genital herpes with most virulent diseases such as syphilis.
• timely and competent treatment of genital herpes would help to avoid complications that are more unpleasant and virulent.
• genital herpes treatment is able to ease patient's condition, it helps to remove itching and other unpleasant symptoms and signs which disturb patient's normal mental and physical condition.

Two ways of herpes treatment:
1) usage of specific antiviral medications to inhibit virus activity.
2) improvement of immunity condition. Usage of immunomodulators increases several times the effectiveness of antiviral therapy and helps to forget about recurrences for a long time.

Besides medical treatment patient must care for personal hygiene, healthy diet and his sexual partner. Therefore during treatment it is necessary to refuse from sexual life and besides this, patient's partner should also undergo examinations and, if necessary, get treatment.

Herpes Simplex Virus Diagnosis

Diagnostic methods of genital herpes mostly depend on what stage the patient goes to the doctor.

In case of common symptoms of genital herpes to make an accurate diagnosis it is enough to simply examine the patient.

Pain, itching, burning, appearing of bubble rash in genitals area even without laboratory tests may point to genital herpes.

If the picture of herpes is not so frank, there is need to make laboratory tests.

Laboratory tests for detecting genital herpes are divided in three groups:

• methods of detecting herpes simplex virus by growing the virus in chicken embryos
• methods of detecting herpes simplex  virus antibodies - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
• polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus

After primary herpes simplex virus goes away (which occurs in 1 – 3 weeks even without treatment), the infection takes either hidden or recurrent form.

Recurrences in genital herpes may occur with different frequency from 3 – 4 times a month to 1 time in several months.

As a rule, recurrences of genital herpes occur in periods of body resistance lowering: after past diseases, overcooling, stress, physical and psychological loads.

Another recurrence in females may be connected with pregnancy and even with onset of periods.

Damage centers in recurrent herpes simplex virus usually have the same localization that primary infection has, but recurrence courses most frequently mildly.

In recurrence of genital herpes usually patient experiences no weakness, temperature and headache. In recurrent herpes simplex virus there is less rash and they are healed quicker – during 7 – 10 days.